(These articles each depend on WWLLN data)
When it was still called the 'TOGA' network:
1. VLF lightning location by time of group arrival (TOGA) at multiple sites
Dowden, R.L., Brundell, J.B.; Rodger, C.J. Source: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, v 64, n 7, May 2002, p 817-30
PDF of text (0.6MB)
After WWLLN got its name:
2. WWLL global lightning detection system: Regional validation study in Brazil Lay, E.H. (Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Washington Univ., Seattle, WA, USA); Holzworth, R.H.; Rodger, C.J.; Thomas, J.N.; Pinto, O., Jr.; Dowden, R.L. Source: Geophysical Research Letters, v 31, n 3, 16 Feb. 2004, p 5 pp. PDF of text (2.7 MB)
3. Rodger, C. J., J. B. Brundell, R. L. Dowden, and N. R. Thomson, 2004: Location accuracy of long distance VLF lightning location network. Ann. Geophys., 22, 747-758. PDF of text (4.7 MB)
4. Balloon observations of temporal variation in the global circuit compared to global lightning activity, Holzworth, R.H. (Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA); Bering, E.A., III; Kokorowski, M.F.; Lay, E.H.; Reddell, B.; Kadokura, A.; Yamagishi, H.; Sato, N.; Ejiri, M.; Hirosawa, H.; Yamagami, T.; Torii, S.; Tohyama, F.; Nakagawa, M.; Okada, T.; Dowden, R.L. Source: Advances in Space Research, v 36, n 11, 2005, p 2223-8 PDF of text (0.3MB)
5. Rodger, C. J., J. B. Brundell, and R. L. Dowden, 2005: Location accuracy of VLF World Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) network: Post-algorithm upgrade. Ann. Geophys., 23, 277-290. PDF of text (4.9 MB)
6. Yair, Y., C. Price, B. Ziv, P. L. Israelevich, D. D. Sentman, F. T. Sao-Sabbas, A. D. Devir, M. Sato, C. J. Rodger, M. Moalem, E. Greenberg, and O. Yaron, Space Shuttle observation of an unusual transient atmospheric emission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(2), 10.1029/2004GL021551, 2005. PDF of text (0.3 MB)
7. Collier, A. B., A. R. W. Hughes, J. Lichtenberger, and P. Steinbach, Seasonal and diurnal variation of lightning activity over southern Africa and correlation with European whistler observations, Annales Geophysicae, 24, 529 - 542, 2006. PDF of text (1.7 MB)
8. Performance assessment of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), using the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) array as ground-truth, Abram R. Jacobson Robert H. Holzworth Jeremiah Harlin Richard L. Dowden Erin H. Lay, (Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (AMS), V.23, pp. 1082-92, (August 2006). PDF of text (1.0 MB)
9. Local Time Variation in Land/Ocean Lightning Count Rates as Measured by the World Wide Lightning Location Network, Erin H. Lay, Abram R. Jacobson, Robert H. Holzworth, Craig J. Rodger, Richard L. Dowden, for J. Geophys. Res.,JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112, D13111, doi:10.1029/2006JD007944, 2007 PDF 0.3 MB
10. Detection efficiency of the VLF World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN): Initial case study, Craig J. Rodger, Simon Werner, James B. Brundell, Erin H. Lay, Neil R. Thomson, Robert H. Holzworth, Richard L. Dowden Ann. Geophys., 24, 31973214, 2006 PDF (6.4MB )
11. A Very Active Sprite-Producing Storm Observed Over Argentina, J. N. Thomas et al, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 88, No. 10, 6 March 2007, pp. 117-128. PDF (1.1 MB)
12. Lightning activity analyses with respect to the SPCZ location, P. Ortega and T. Guignes, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 34, L11807, doi:10.1029/2007GL029730, 2007. PDF of text (0.4 MB)
13. Simultaneous Imaging and ELF/VLF Measurements of a Sprite-Halo Driven by a Negative Lightning Discharge over Argentina, M.J. Taylor, M. Bailey, P.-D. Pautet, S. A. Cummer, N. Jaugey, J. N. Thomas, N.N. Solorzano, S. Sao Sabbas, R. Holzworth, Pinto and N. Schuch, for GRL (if it fits, else JGR) (2007)
14. East African lightning as a precursor of Atlantic hurricane activity, Colin Price, Yoav Yair, and Mustafa Asfur, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 34, L09805, doi:10.1029/2006GL028884, 2007 PDF text (1.0 MB)
15. A Three Magnetic Direction Finder Network for a Local Warning Device, P. Orgega, Journal of Lightning Research, V. 2, PP. 18-27, 2007 PDF text 0.5 MB
16. Kumar, S. (Univ. of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji); Anil, D.; Kishore, A.; Ramachandran, V., Whistlers observed at low-latitude ground-based VLF facility in Fiji, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, v 69, n 12, Aug. 2007, 1366-76
17. GLOBAL STUDIES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES USING THE WORLD WIDE LIGHTNING LOCATION NETWORK, Natalia N. Solorzano, Jeremy N. Thomas, and Robert H. Holzworth, Paper presented at AMS 2008 meeting in New Orleans (January 2008) Solorzano et al 0.2MB
18. Seeking sprite-induced signatures in remotely sensed middle atmosphere NO2, E. Arnone, A. Kero, B. M. Dinelli, C.-F. Enell, N. F. Arnold, E. Papandrea, Craig J. Rodger, M. Carlotti, M. Ridolfi, and E. Turunen, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L05807, doi:10.1029/2007GL031791, 2008 Arnone et al, (0.2MB)
19. Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina, M. J. Taylor, M. A. Bailey, P. D. Pautet, S. A. Cummer, N. Jaugey, J. N. Thomas, N. N. Solorzano, F. Sao Sabbas, R. H. Holzworth, O. Pinto, and N. J. Schuch, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L14812, doi:10.1029/2008GL033984, 2008 ( PDF text 0.2 MB)
20. Investigating Lightning-to-Ionosphere Energy Coupling Based on VLF Lightning Propagation Characterization, Erin H. Lay, PhD Dissertation, Physics Dept. Univ. of Washington, 2008. ( PDF 2.6MB)
21. Lightning stroke distance estimation from single station observation and validation with WWLLN data, V. Ramachandran, J. N. Prakash, A. Deo, and S. Kumar, Ann. Geophys., 25, 15091517, 2007 ( PDF Text 0.6MB )
22. Subionospheric early VLF perturbations observed at Suva: VLF detection of red sprites in the day?, Sushil Kumar,1 Abhikesh Kumar,1 and Craig J. Rodger, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113, A03311, doi:10.1029/2007JA012734, 2008. ( PDF Text 4.3MB )
23.Rodger, C J, J B Brundell, R H Holzworth, and E H Lay, Growing Detection Efficiency of the World Wide Lightning Location
Network, Am. Inst. Phys. Conf. Proc., Coupling of thunderstorms and lightning discharges to near-Earth space: Proceedings of
the Workshop, Corte (France), 23-27 June 2008, 1118, 15-20, DOI:10.1063/1.3137706, 2009. ( PDF text 0.3 MB )